Jodi Arias' Friends Believe in Her Innocence












Accused murderer Jodi Arias believes she should be punished, but hopes she will not be sentenced to death, two of her closest friends told ABC News in an exclusive interview.


Ann Campbell and Donavan Bering have been a constant presence for Arias wth at least one of them sitting in the Phoenix, Ariz., courtroom along with Arias' family for almost every day of her murder trial. They befriended Arias after she first arrived in jail and believe in her innocence.


Arias admits killing her ex-boyfriend Travis Alexander and lying for nearly two years about it, but insists she killed Alexander in self defense. She could face the death penalty if convicted of murder.








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Nevertheless, she is aware of the seriousness of her lies and deceitful behavior.


The women told ABC News that they understand that Arias needs to be punished and Arias understands that too.


"She does know that, you know, she does need to pay for the crime," Campbell said. "But I don't want her to die, and I know that she has so much to give back."


Catching Up on the Trial? Check Out ABC News' Jodi Arias Trial Coverage


The lies that Arias admits she told to police and her family have been devastating to her, Bering said.


""She said to me, 'I wish I didn't have to have lied. That destroyed me,'" Donovan said earlier this week. "Because now when it's so important for her to be believed, she has that doubt. But as she told me on the phone yesterday, she goes, 'I have nothing to lose.' So all she can do is go out there and tell the truth."


During Arias' nine days on the stand she has described in detail the oral, anal and phone sex that she and Alexander allegedly engaged in, despite being Mormons and trying to practice chastity. She also spelled out in excruciating detail what she claimed was Alexander's growing demands for sex, loyalty and subservience along with an increasingly violent temper.


Besides her two friends, Arias' mother and sometimes her father have been sitting in the front row of the courtroom during the testimony. It's been humiliating, Bering said.


"She's horrified. There's not one ounce of her life that's not out there, that's not open to the public. She's ashamed," she said.






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South Africa's Pistorius goes free on $113,000 bail


PRETORIA (Reuters) - A South African court granted bail on Friday to Oscar Pistorius, charged with the murder of his girlfriend on Valentine's Day, after his lawyers successfully argued the "Blade Runner" was too famous to flee justice.


The decision by Magistrate Desmond Nair drew cheers from the Paralympics star's family and supporters. Pistorius himself was unmoved, in marked contrast to the week-long hearing, when he repeatedly broke down in tears.


Nair set bail at 1 million rand ($113,000) and postponed the case until June 4. Pistorius would be released only when the court received 100,000 rand in cash, he added.


Less than an hour later, a silver Land Rover left the court compound, Pistorius visible through the tinted windows sitting in the back seat in the dark suit and tie he wore in court.


The car then sped off through the streets of the capital, pursued by members of the media on motorcycles, before it entered his uncle Arnold's home in the plush Pretoria suburb of Waterkloof.


At least five private security guards stood outside the concrete walls, keeping reporters at bay.


Under the terms of his bail, Pistorius, 26, was also ordered to hand over firearms and his two South African passports, avoid his home and all witnesses, report to a police station twice a week and abstain from drinking alcohol.


The decision followed a week of dramatic testimony about how the athlete shot dead model and law graduate Reeva Steenkamp at his luxury home near Pretoria in the early hours of February 14.


Prosecutors said Pistorius committed premeditated murder when he fired four shots into a locked toilet door, hitting his girlfriend cowering on the other side. Steenkamp, 29, suffered gunshot wounds to her head, hip and arm.


Pistorius said the killing was a tragic mistake, saying he had mistaken Steenkamp for an intruder - a possibility in crime-ridden South Africa - and opened fire in a blind panic.


However, in delivering his nearly two-hour bail ruling, Nair said there were a number of "improbabilities" in Pistorius's version of events, read out to the court in an affidavit by his lawyer, Barry Roux.


"I have difficulty in appreciating why the accused would not seek to ascertain who exactly was in the toilet," Nair said. "I also have difficulty in appreciating why the deceased would not have screamed back from the toilet."


By local standards, the bail conditions are onerous but it remains to be seen if they appease opposition to the decision from groups campaigning against the violence against women that is endemic in South Africa.


"We are saddened because women are being killed in this country," said Jacqui Mofokeng, a spokeswoman for the ruling African National Congress' Women's League, whose members stood outside the court this week with banners saying "Rot in jail".


TOO FAMOUS TO RUN


However, Nair said he made his decision in the "interests of justice" and argued that the prosecution, who suffered a setback when the lead investigator withered under cross-examination by Roux, failed to show Pistorius was either a flight risk or a threat to the public.


Roux stressed the Olympic and Paralympics runner's global fame made it impossible for him to evade justice by skipping bail and leaving the country.


"He can never go anywhere unnoticed," Roux told the court.


Pistorius, whose lower legs were amputated in infancy forcing him to race on carbon fiber "blades", faces life in prison if convicted of premeditated murder.


Prosecutors had portrayed him as a cold-blooded killer and said they were confident that their case, which will have to rely heavily on forensics and witnesses who said they heard shouting before the shots, would stand up to scrutiny at trial.


"We are going to make sure that we get enough evidence to get through this case during trial time," a spokesman for the National Prosecuting Authority told reporters.


In court, lead prosecutor Gerrie Nel was scornful of Pistorius's inability to contain his emotions. "I shoot and I think my career is over and I cry. I come to court and I cry because I feel sorry for myself," Nel said.


"DEEPLY IN LOVE"


In his affidavit, Pistorius said he was "deeply in love" with Steenkamp, leading Roux to stress his client had no motive for the killing.


Pistorius contends he reached for a 9-mm pistol under his bed because he felt particularly vulnerable without his prosthetic limbs.


According to police, witnesses heard shouting, gunshots and screams from the athlete's home, which sits in the heart of a gated community surrounded by 3-m- (yard-) high stone walls topped with an electric fence.


In a magazine interview a week before her death, published on Friday, Steenkamp spoke about her three-month relationship with the runner, who won global fame last year when he reached the semi-final of the 400 meters in the London Olympics despite having no lower legs.


"I absolutely adore Oscar. I respect and admire him so much," she told celebrity gossip magazine Heat. "I don't want anything to come in the way of his career."


Police pulled their lead detective off the case on Thursday after it was revealed he himself faces attempted murder charges for shooting at a minibus. He has been replaced by South Africa's top detective.


Pistorius's arrest stunned the millions around the world who saw him as an inspiring example of triumph over adversity.


But the impact was greatest in South Africa, where he was seen as a rare hero for both blacks and whites, transcending the racial divides that persist 19 years after the end of apartheid.


(Writing by Ed Cropley; Editing by Michael Roddy)



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Spain's Iberia workers end strike, no deal in sight






MADRID: Workers at Spanish airline Iberia on Friday wrapped up a week-long strike that has seen hundreds of flights cancelled, with no sign of agreement in a dispute over the company's plan to cut 3,800 jobs.

Staff marked the last day of this week's strike -- the first of three planned five-day actions -- with a noisy demonstration in terminal four of Madrid's Barajas airport.

They waved banners reading "British Go Home" -- a reference to British Airways, which merged with Iberia in 2011 to form the International Airlines Group (IAG) in a tie-up aimed at slashing costs.

Some protesters wore pirate hats and eye-patches and waved skull-and-crossbones flags symbolising what they saw as an aggressive takeover of their beloved national carrier.

Unions called similar demonstrations in other airports across the country.

A demonstration at Barajas on Monday led to clashes with riot police when protesters tried to force their way into the building, but no incidents were reported at Friday's action.

IAG announced last week that it would axe 3,800 jobs at Iberia out of a total 20,000.

Cabin crew, ground staff and maintenance workers responded by announcing the three five-day strikes this month and next.

Spain is in a recession that has thrown millions out of work and driven the unemployment rate over 26 per cent.

With major airlines fighting to respond to competition from low-cost carriers, the Spanish flag-carrier has become one of the latest and most prominent companies to announce job cuts.

Iberia executives say the airline accumulated 850 million euros (US$1.1 billion) in losses between 2008 and September 2012 and the airline aims to cut its capacity by 15 per cent this year.

Workers accuse the management of betraying them and selling off the pride of Spanish aviation to foreign interests.

"The management does not want to negotiate. We want the government to intervene and undo the merger of Iberia and British Airways," said one protester, Silvia Navarro, 40, an air hostess who works on routes to Latin America.

"We haven't given up the jobs for lost yet, if the government intervenes."

The government on Thursday appointed a mediator to try and resolve the dispute. Management did not appear to have budged on the job cuts.

Deafening horns and whistles resounded around the terminal building, where the crowds of demonstrators blocked passengers arriving with their luggage to check in.

An Iberia spokeswoman said on Friday that the four airlines in the IAG group had cancelled 1,288 flights this week, mostly across Spain and Europe.

These included flights operated by Iberia and its low-cost arm Iberia Express, plus partners Air Nostrum and Vueling.

The workers planned to strike again from March 4-8 and again from March 18-22 -- just before the Easter holiday week. A minimum service is operating under Spanish law.

- AFP/jc



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Yashwant Sinha to lead debate on chopper scam

HAZARIBAG: BJP MP Yashwant Sinha will be the main speaker in Parliament on the AgustaWestland VVIP Chopper scam, which is top on the agenda of BJP and NDA.

Talking to the media here on Wednesday, Sinha said, "The decision was taken at L K Advani's residence on Tuesday. Although parliamentary affairs minister Kamal Nath said the government was ready for a debate on the issue and also for taking it up in the joint parliament committee (JPC), the BJP will prefer the entire investigation to be done by the CBI under the supervision of the Supreme Court."

He added that what has created suspicion in the minds of the Opposition parties is the fact that someone accused in the scam paid kickback to a particular family. "Neither the UPA nor the prime minister mentioned the name of the family, which accepted the bribe for finalizing the deal," he said.

Sinha was critical of the UPA government for holding the NDA responsible for starting the deal with the Agusta Chopper company. He questioned, "If there was any truth in that, why didn't the UPA government strike off the deal. The UPA must stop putting the blame on NDA for every deal that was struck."

He regretted the decision of the defence ministry to buy aircraft, which eventually turned into a scam. He added that it was a matter of grave concern and demanded the careful handling of another aircrafts deal worth over Rs 90,000 crore. Sinha also criticized the government for its failure to contain inflation. which has already reached the level of 5.4%.

He was surprised at the government's decision to table the food bill, which will further escalate inflation.

"Although the government was having 70 million tones of foodgrain in its stock, it did not release it in the market to check food inflation, which has gone up to 12%, the highest ever," he said. He blamed Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and the Union finance minister P Chidambaram for their failure to contain the inflation because of faulty economic policies.

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Flu shot did poor job against worst bug in seniors


ATLANTA (AP) — For those 65 and older, this season's flu shot is only 9 percent effective against the most common and dangerous flu bug, according to a startling new government report.


Flu vaccine tends to protect younger people better than older ones and never works as well as other kinds of vaccines. But experts say the preliminary results for seniors are disappointing and highlight the need for a better vaccine.


For all age groups, the vaccine's effectiveness is moderate at 56 percent, which is nearly as well as other flu seasons, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said Thursday.


For those 65 and older, it is 27 percent effective against the three strains in the vaccine, the lowest in about a decade but not far below from what's expected. But the vaccine did a particularly poor job of protecting older people against the harshest flu strain, which is causing most of the illnesses this year. CDC officials say it's not clear why.


Vaccinations are now recommended for anyone over 6 months, and health officials stress that some vaccine protection is better than none at all. While it's likely that older people who were vaccinated are still getting sick, many of them may be getting less severe symptoms.


"Year in and year out, the vaccine is the best protection we have," said CDC flu expert Dr. Joseph Bresee.


To be sure, the preliminary data for seniors is less than definitive. It is based on fewer than 300 people scattered among five states.


But it will no doubt surprise many people that the effectiveness is that low, said Michael Osterholm, a University of Minnesota infectious disease expert who has tried to draw attention to the need for a more effective flu vaccine.


Among infectious diseases, flu is considered one of the nation's leading killers. On average, about 24,000 Americans die each flu season, according to the CDC.


This flu season started in early December, a month earlier than usual, and peaked by the end of year. Older people are most vulnerable to flu and its complications, and the nation has seen some of the highest hospitalization rates for people 65 and older in a decade.


Flu viruses tend to mutate more quickly than others, and it's not unusual for multiple strains to be spreading at the same time. A new vaccine is formulated each year targeting the three strains expected to be the major threats. But that involves guesswork.


Because of these challenges, scientists tend to set a lower bar for flu vaccine. While childhood vaccines against diseases like measles are expected to be 90 or 95 percent effective, a flu vaccine that's 60 to 70 percent effective in the U.S. is considered pretty good.


By that standard, this year's vaccine is OK. The 56 percent effectiveness figure means people have a 56 percent lower chance of winding up at the doctor for treatment of flu symptoms.


For seniors, a flu vaccine is considered pretty good if it's in the 30 to 40 percent range, said Dr. Arnold Monto, a University of Michigan flu expert.


Older people have weaker immune systems that don't respond as well to flu shots. That's why a high-dose version was recently made available for those 65 and older. The new study was too small to show whether that made a difference this year.


The CDC estimates are based on about 2,700 people who got sick in December and January. The researchers traced back to see who had gotten flu shots and who hadn't. An earlier study put the vaccine's overall effectiveness slightly higher, at 62 percent.


The CDC's Bresee said there's a danger in providing preliminary results because it may result in people doubting — or skipping — flu shots. But the data was released to warn older people who got shots that they may still get sick and shouldn't ignore any serious flu-like symptoms, he said.


The new data highlights an evolution in how experts are evaluating flu vaccine effectiveness. For years, it was believed that if the viruses in the vaccine matched the ones spreading around the country, then the vaccine would be effective. This year's shot was a good match to the bugs going around this winter, including the harsher H3N2 that tends to make people sicker.


But the season proved to be a moderately severe one, with many illnesses occurring in people who'd been vaccinated.


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Online:


CDC report: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr


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Las Vegas Strip Shooting Leads to 3 Dead












A drive-by shooting on the Las Vegas strip early this morning by the occupants of a Range Rover SUV, who shot at the occupants of a Maserati, caused a multi-car accident and car explosion that left three dead.


Police said that they believe a group of men riding in a black Range Rover Sport SUV pulled up alongside a Maserati around 4:20 a.m. today and fired shots into the car, striking the driver and passenger, according to Officer Jose Hernandez of the Las Vegas Metropolitan police department.


The Maserati then swerved through an intersection, hitting at least four other cars. One car that was struck, a taxi with a driver and passenger in it, caught on fire and burst into flames, trapping both occupants, Hernandez said.






Steve Marcus/Las Vegas Sun/AP Photo











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The SUV then fled the scene, according to cops.


The driver of the Maserati died from his gunshot wounds at University Medical Center shortly after the shooting, according to Sgt. John Sheahan.


The driver and passenger of the taxi both died in the car fire.


At least three individuals, including the passenger of the Maserati, were injured during the shooting and car crashes and are being treated at UMC hospital.


Police are scouring surveillance video from the area, including from the strip's major casinos, to try and identify the Range Rover and its occupants, according to police.


They do not yet know why the Range Rovers' occupants fired shots at the Maserati or whether the cars had local plates or were from out of state.


No bystanders were hit by gunfire, Hernandez said.


"We're currently looking for a black Range Rover Sport, with large black rims and some sort of dealership advertising or advertisement plates," Hernandez said. "This is an armed and dangerous vehicle."


The Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority had no immediate comment about the safety of tourists in the wake of the shooting today.



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French hostages probably separated, Hollande says


PARIS/MAIDUGURI, Nigeria (Reuters) - Seven French hostages abducted by suspected Nigerian Islamist militants have probably been separated into two groups and efforts are continuing to locate them, French President Francois Hollande said on Thursday.


French, Nigerian and Cameroonian officials earlier denied French media reports that the seven family members, who were seized in Cameroon on Tuesday and taken over the border, had been freed.


"It's best to work discreetly for now to identify the exact place where our citizens are being held - most likely in two groups - and work out how we can free them under the best conditions," Hollande told reporters.


Paris was "fully cooperating" with Nigeria and Cameroon, he added, noting that French troops were nearby as their base was in the Chadian capital N'Djamena, 150 km (93 miles) away.


The Nigerian military located the hostages and kidnappers between Dikwa and Ngala in the far northeast, a Nigerian military source in Borno said earlier on Thursday, asking not to be identified.


Dikwa is less than 80 km (50 miles) from the border with Cameroon where the three adults and four children were taken hostage on Tuesday.


A senior Cameroonian military official declined to comment, saying the matter was too sensitive.


French gendarmes backed by special forces arrived in northern Cameroon on Wednesday to help locate the family, a local governor and French defense ministry official said.


Citing a Cameroon army officer, French media reported earlier on Thursday that the hostages had been found alive in a house in northern Nigeria. That was denied by the France, Nigeria and Cameroon.


DIFFICULT SITUATION


The abduction was the first case of foreigners being seized in the mostly Muslim north of Cameroon, a former French colony, and highlighted the threat to French interests in West Africa since Paris deployed thousands of troops to Mali to oust al Qaeda-linked Islamists who controlled the country's north.


But the region - like others in West and North Africa with porous borders - is considered within the operational sphere of Boko Haram and fellow Nigerian Islamist militants Ansaru.


On Sunday, seven foreigners were snatched from the compound of Lebanese construction company Setraco in northern Nigeria's Bauchi state, and Ansaru took responsibility.


Northern Nigeria increasingly is afflicted by attacks and kidnappings by Islamist militants. Ansaru, which rose to prominence only in recent months, has claimed the abduction in December of a French national who is still missing.


Three foreigners were killed in two failed rescue attempts last year after being kidnapped in northern Nigeria and Ansaru, blamed for those kidnaps, warned this could happen again.


"Staging a successful rescue is always difficult, but even more so if the kidnappers are waiting for it," said Peter Sharwood-Smith, Nigeria country manager of security firm Drum Cussac.


"After the death of three European hostages in rescue-intervention attempts last year, Nigeria and France will be hoping for a peaceful resolution. The problem could be the kidnappers lack of enthusiasm for negotiation or deals. The fact that four of the hostages are children adds further difficulty to the decision for France and Nigeria."


The kidnapping in Cameroon brought to 15 the number of French citizens being held in West Africa.


(Additional reporting by Elizabeth Pineau in Paris, Tansa Musa in Yaounde, Joe Brock in Abuja and Bate Felix and John Irish in Dakar; Writing by Bate Felix and John Irish; Editing by Michael Roddy)



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Olympics: US, Iran unite in bid to keep wrestling in Olympics






TEHRAN: The United States and Iran may be arch foes on the diplomatic front, but bosses from two of wrestling's power-houses have allied to fight a decision to drop the sport from the 2020 Olympic Games.

Rich Bender, executive director of USA Wrestling, is in Tehran, which is hosting the World Cup men's freestyle tournament on Thursday and Friday.

"We need the backing of Iran and Russia... to preserve the wrestling, and this goes beyond politics... Iran is one of the powers in wrestling and can defend the game's credibility," he was quoted by the ISNA news agency as saying.

Speaking at a ceremony hosted by the Iranian Wrestling Federation, he said he hoped that, with the "comprehensive unity" among the wrestling power-houses, the IOC will change its decision.

The head of the Iranian Wrestling Federation, Hojatollah Khatib, said he hopes that "this unprecedented unity" can change the International Olympic Committee's decision.

Hegedus Csaba, a member of the International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles (FILA), said "we are showing the IOC that we are united and will force them to bring back the wrestling to the Olympics.

"I am very happy that Khatib and Bender had very friendly meeting. This shows that we have a common language and that is wrestling."

Last week, the IOC's executive board voted to drop wrestling as one of the core sports of the games. That means it now joins seven others -- baseball/softball, karate, squash, roller sports, sport climbing, wakeboarding and wushu -- vying to be selected as an "additional sport."

The board will meet in May to consider presentations by their supporters and choose one to recommend to the full committee for a decision in September.

But the full committee is seen as unlikely to vote against the executive board, raising the prospect that one of the few sports that survived from the original Olympics in ancient Greece into the modern era will disappear.

The sport first appeared in 708 BC and has only ever been left out of the Olympic programme once before in 1900.

FILA has vowed to fight the decision, and International Olympic Academy president Isidoros Kouvelos also called on the IOC to respect the historical roots of the Olympics and not remove wrestling.

Wrestling-mad Iran was one of the first nations to criticise the move to scrap the sport, dubbing it a "big blow" to the country's sport which has been medal winner for the country.

Wrestling has an ancient history in Iran, dating a time when Persian kings would battle their opponents in epic matches. The sport attracts millions of followers across the country, and unofficial figures say tens of thousands actually go to the mats.

However, wrestling is forbidden for women in Islamic Iran.

Washington broke off relations with Iran in 1980 in the aftermath of the storming of the US embassy in Tehran that led to 52 American diplomats being taken hostage by Islamist students.

Since then, the US has been vilified by the Islamic republic as the "Great Satan."

It is particularly significant that public figures from the United States and Iran have come together with a common goal, given that the two countries' governments are locked in a tense showdown over an array of issues.

The United States, along with much of the West and Israel, suspects that Iran's civil nuclear programme is a cover for developing a bomb.

Tehran strongly denies that, but has been slapped with a host of sanctions aimed at pushing it to stop enriching uranium which, in highly pure form, can be used as the core of a bomb.

Washington is also at loggerheads over its support for the embattled regime of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad and for Hezbollah, the powerful Lebanese Shiite movement that is an arch-foe of close US ally Syria.

- AFP/fa



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BJP will solve Indo-Naga problem if NDA comes to power: Rajnath Singh

DIMAPUR: The BJP reiterated that it would work towards solving the Indo-Naga problem if the BJP-led NDA government comes to power at the Centre. Talking to mediapersons at Dimapur Airport on Tuesday, national BJP president Rajnath Singh said that for decades Nagaland witnessed violence and turmoil and it was only after the AtalBihariVajpayee-led NDA government came to power at the Centre that positive steps were taken to restore peace and normalcy in the state.

Singh, who addressed election rallies for BJP candidates at Tizit and Aboi constituencies under Mon District, expressed confidence that the BJP-led NDA would form the next government at the Centre. "We will resolve the Naga political problem through mutual dialogue and in a unique way," he said.

Stating that the BJP was concerned about the people of the northeast, Singh said the NDA government had constituted the ministry for Development of North East Region (DoNer) keeping these long-term objectives in mind. "BJP has an emotional relation with the northeast and we assure the people of the region that when BJP comes to power, we will provide a special package for the development of the region as was done during the regime of Atalji," he said.

Claiming that the people of Nagaland have understood the need to have a non-Congress government, the BJP president said they are willing to let the NPF-led DAN government form the next government as well.

He said he was very happy to see the people's response at Aboi and Tizit constituencies. "I have full confidence that DAN will come to power again in Nagaland," he said.

Singh said that the party has implemented 50 per cent reservation for women in all BJP ruled states and once the DAN government comes to power in the state, he would ensure that women get empowerment with 33 per cent reservation.

When asked to comment about the Monday seizure of cash, arms and ammunition from the home minister of Nagaland, Imkong L Imchen, who is also a candidate of the BJP's ally, Singh said "whoever is charged and prima facie case established will not be given any charge in the next DAN government. BJP has never compromised on the issue of corruption and will never do so," Singh quipped.

Charging the UPA government of various scams, the BJP president said that it is now involved in the helicopter scam. "The entire nation is ashamed of the helicopter scandal, and the UPA government has been rocked by one scandal after another," Singh said. On the Prime Minister's proposal for a debate on the issue, he said "debate is not a solution to corruption."

He said during the NDA regime, prices of essential commodities were controlled and the GDP stood at 9.5 per cent. Singh slammed the UPA government saying inflation was on the rise while fiscal management was also affected. He claimed that the national GDP stands at 5.2 per cent at present. Singh said under the UPA government, the value of rupee as compared to dollar has been decreasing.

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Costlier robotic surgery soars for hysterectomies


CHICAGO (AP) — Robotic surgery is increasingly being used for women's hysterectomies, adding at least $2,000 to the cost without offering much benefit over less high-tech methods, a study found.


The technique was used in just 0.5 percent of operations studied in 2007, but that soared to almost 10 percent by early 2010. Columbia University researchers analyzed data on more than 260,000 women who had their wombs removed at 441 U.S. hospitals for reasons other than cancer. The database covered surgeries performed through the first few months of 2010.


Women who had the robotic operations were slightly less likely to spend more than two days in the hospital, but hospital stays were shorter than that for most women. Also, complications were equally rare among robotic surgery patients and those who had more conventional surgeries. Average costs for robotic hysterectomies totaled nearly $9,000, versus about $3,000 for the least expensive method, a different type of minimally invasive technique using more conventional surgery methods.


Traditionally hysterectomies were done by removing the womb through a large abdominal incision. Newer methods include removing the uterus through the vagina and minimally invasive "keyhole" abdominal operations using more conventional surgery methods, or surgeon-controlled robotic devices.


Robotic operations involve computer-controlled long, thin robot-like "arms" equipped with tiny surgery instruments. Surgeons operate the computer and can see inside the body on the computer screen, through a tiny camera attached to the robotic arms. The initial idea was for surgeons to do these operations miles away from the operating room, but robotic operations now are mostly done with the surgeon in the same room as the patient.


Theoretically, robotic surgeries make it easier to maneuver inside the patient, and are increasingly used for many types of operations, not just hysterectomies.


The main explanation for the big increase "is that robotic surgery has been marketed extensively to not only hospitals and physicians, but also directly to patients. There is minimal data in gynecology that it is advantageous," said Dr. Jason Wright, an assistant professor of women's health and the study's lead author.


The study was published Tuesday in the Journal of the American Medical Association.


"Our findings highlight the importance of developing rational strategies to implement new surgical technologies," the researchers wrote.


They note that 1 in 9 U.S. women will undergo a hysterectomy, usually after the age of 40. Reasons include fibroids and other non-cancerous growths, abnormal bleeding, and cancer.


Traditional abdominal operations remain common and more than 40 percent of women studied had them, costing on average about $6,600.


A JAMA editorial says the study doesn't answer whether the robotic method might be better for certain women, and says more research comparing methods is needed. Still, it says doctors and hospitals have a duty to inform patients about costs of different surgery options.


Dr. Myriam Curet of manufacturer Intuitive Surgical of Sunnyvale, Calif., said surgical robots can help surgeons overcome the limitations of other minimally invasive methods for very overweight patients, those with scarring from other surgeries and other complexities.


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JAMA: http://www.jama.ama-assn.org


Robotic surgery: http://tinyurl.com/byuljds


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AP Medical Writer Lindsey Tanner can be reached at http://www.twitter.com/LindseyTanner


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